KPMG+2023年净零排放准备报告-英

KPMG ESGkpmg.com/NZRRNet Zero Readiness Report 20232 | Net Zero Readiness Report 2023© 2023 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities. KPMG International entities provide no services to clients. All rights reserved.Quick reader guide 03Foreword 05Key insights and observations 06Global sector summaries 10Economy 11Electricity 14Transport 16Industry 20Agriculture 25Country profiles 28Australia 29Brazil 32Canada 34China 37Denmark 40France 43Germany 45India 48Ireland 51Italy 54Japan 57Mexico 60Netherlands 62New Zealand 64Norway 67Singapore 70South Africa 73South Korea 76Spain 78Sweden 80Switzerland 82United Arab Emirates 84United Kingdom 87United States of America 90About KPMG ESG 93KPMG contacts 94Contents3 | Net Zero Readiness Report 2023© 2023 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities. KPMG International entities provide no services to clients. All rights reserved.ForewordKey insights and observationsGlobal sector summariesCountry profilesAbout KPMG ESGKPMG contactsThe Net Zero Readiness Report (NZRR) examines steps taken by 24 countries as well as key economic sectors to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. It also discusses their preparedness and ability to achieve net zero emissions of these gases by 2050.The 2050 target date was proposed by a 2018 report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (UN IPCC), which said that cutting net emissions by about 45 percent from 2010 to 2030 then 100 percent by 2050 would limit temperature rises to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It added that doing this would lessen the still-substantial damage that global warming will cause over the coming decades.1Humanity has already caused warming of approximately 1.1 degrees Celsius. In a report published in March 2023, UN IPCC said that the “pace and scale of what has been done so far, and current plans, are insufficient to tackle climate change”. Keeping warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius will require “deep, rapid and sustained greenhouse gas emissions reductions in all sectors”. Global emissions should already be falling and will need to drop by nearly 50 percent by 2030 to achieve this.2 While total global emissions fell in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, they rebounded in 2021 to about the same level as in 2019. Figures for carbon dioxide only in 2022 suggest the year may have set a new record high for emissions.3 Carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas, is released when fossil fuels are burnt and work towards net zero is often called ‘decarbonization’ to reflect this. Carbon dioxide generated 74 percent of human-caused climate change in 2016. Emissions of methane, which contributed 17 percent, and nitrous oxide’s 6 percent are also included in the data used in this report.4 guideQuick readerQuick reader guide4 | Net Zero Readiness Report 2023© 2023 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities. KPMG International entit