世界银行-实现建筑节能（英）

Achieving Energy Efficiency in BuildingsKNOWLEDGE NOTESACHIEVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGSPakistan Sustainable Energy Series1 Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized2 Achieving Energy Efficiency in BuildingsWhy is energy efficiency in buildings relevant for Pakistan? Buildings in Pakistan account for over 43.7 percent of the country’s total energy use and represent a significant opportunity for energy efficiency and conservation.i The high energy consumption in buildings is primarily attributed to Pakistan’s predominantly sunny and hot climate, which drives high demand for cooling for most of the year—and the widespread reliance on inefficient gas and firewood appliances for heating and cooking. Driven by rapid urbanization, population growth, and increasing construction demand, energy use in buildings and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with buildings are projected to grow considerably. The buildings sector drove higher electricity demand in 2024, growing four times faster than in 2023. Global electricity consumption in buildings increased by more than 600 terawatt hours (TWh) (5 percent) in 2024.ii Globally, buildings account for 37 percent of energy and process-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.iii In addition to the high overall levels of energy consumption in buildings, seasonal variation in electricity and gas load patterns also pose a problem. For instance, electricity peak demand in summer rises briefly to over 25,000 megawatts (MW) from a baseload of only 8,500 MW.iv The benefits of energy efficiency in buildings however extend beyond reduced energy consumption or peak demand management. Energy-efficient buildings provide a healthier and more supportive living and work environment by improving indoor air quality and enhancing overall occupant comfort. In addition, demand for new construction materials and techniques in the building industry generates livelihood opportunities. Key findings from the World Bank’s comprehensive assessment on Buildings Energy Efficiency in Pakistan, conducted in 2022 and 2023, are presented below; details on the assessment’s approach, data collection, and methodology are provided in annex 1.2What provisions are in place to improve building energy efficiency in Pakistan? Pakistan’s government modified building codes in 2023 to incorporate prescriptive, statutory provisions for sustainability and energy efficiency in building design and construction. The Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC 2023) have already been notified, while the Green Building Code of Pakistan (GBCP 2023) is in the final stages of notification.Adapted from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard 90.1, the energy provisions incorporated into the Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC)1 apply to residential and commercial buildings and building clusters that meet certain criteria. These i