麦肯锡-打破运营障碍，实现最高生产力（英）

October 2024Operations PracticeBreaking operational barriers to peak productivityOur latest research examines how a new take on operational excellence can help rekindle productivity—and reveals five practices that matter in jump-starting performance.by Erik Schaefer, Joris Wijpkema, and Richard SellschopThe world needs more productivity growth. As a recent McKinsey Global Institute report argues, it’s the best possible antidote to wealth inequality, inflation, and exploding debt and could provide crucial funding for the net-zero transition and improved living standards.It’s also what every company needs. Yet productivity growth has largely declined since the global financial crisis of 2007–09, particularly in the most advanced economies (Exhibit 1).The macro causes of declining productivity growth are visible in everyday life. First, the dramatic benefits of technological change—such as Moore’s law, the doubling of transistors on a chip every two years—have faded, with improvements becoming more incremental. Second, investments in restructuring and offshoring also reached a point of declining returns.Our latest research (see sidebar “Our methodology”) suggests that there are also micro causes of declining productivity growth, which are harder to see until the observer reaches the operating level of a factory or call center. The loss of operational discipline in the wake of the repeated shocks of the past five years led to high levels of attrition and job churn. Practices that had been painstakingly refined, codified, and passed down from worker to worker—often over decades—were set aside during the initial COVID-19 emergency. The subsequent loss of critical talent (Exhibit 2) meant that the chains of knowledge stayed broken.Exhibit 1Web <2024><OperationalBarriers>Exhibit <1> of <7>Note: 2022 international dollars (purchasing power parity), weighted average per group; n = 125 economies, excluding DR Congo, Iraq, Syria, Venezuela, Taiwan, and Yemen.Source: Output, Labor, and Labor Productivity data set, Total Economy Database, Conference Board; McKinsey Global Institute analysisMcKinsey & CompanyProductivity growthper hour, %Advanced economiesEmerging economies(Fast lane)Emerging economies(Middle lane)Emerging economies(Middle lane)Emerging economies(Slow lane)Productivity growth has slowed across almost all economies sincethe global fnancial crisis.2.21.60.8 1.03.98.66.05.11.73.91.81.20.12.1–0.1 –0.2Global fnancial crisis19972002 20072012 201620222Breaking operational barriers to peak productivityExhibit 2Web <2024><OperationalBarriers>Exhibit <2> of <7>Across advanced economies, all sectors have higher job vacancy rates today than in 2010.Job vacancy rate by sector, average,¹ %McKinsey & Company012345GovernmentPrivate educationMiningFinancial and real estateManufacturingTradeInformationTransportationConstructionProfessional servicesHealthcareLeisure and hospitalityShare of total employment, %Share of totalvacancies, %20102023201020237.410.211