2018年城市旅游和旅游业影响报告（英文）

TRAVEL & TOURISMCITY TRAVEL & TOURISM IMPACT 2018EXECUTIVE SUMMARYWith 54% of the world’s population living in urban areas, cities have become global economic hubs. These urban centres are drivers of growth, innovation and job creation, which will continue to attract more people who will come to live, do business and discover them. In fact, by 2050, 68% of the global population is expected to live in cities. This growth is translated in the rise of city tourism - a trend which is forecasted to last. CITIES REPRESENT 45% OF GLOBAL INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL With over half a billion trips taken to cities annually, metropoles have become catalysts of global travel, driving significant increases in Travel & Tourism within city boundaries and for wider country destinations. In effect, in the past decade, travel to city destinations has grown more rapidly than total international travel demand. This growth directly generated $625 billion or 6.7% total GDP across the 72 cities in this study, while the industry generated 3.2% of global GDP. EMERGING AND DEVELOPING MARKETS CONTINUE TO RISEIn the past decade, there has been a clear shift from North to South and West to East. This is particularly visible in the rankings of top global city destinations by GDP, with ten of the top 20 largest cities by market size and seven of the top 20 by GDP contribution located in the Asia-Pacific region. This is even more apparent when looking at the fastest growing cities in terms of direct Travel & Tourism GDP over the past decade, where all top ten cities are in emerging and developing countries, including Chongqing, Shanghai, Lagos, Tehran and Mumbai among others. While the majority of these cities are expected to remain top performers in the coming decade, with China leading the way, a slowdown in growth is expected. DOMESTIC AND LEISURE TRAVEL LEAD THE WAYDespite the buzz around international travel, domestic travel represents the vast majority of global Travel & Tourism expenditure, amounting to 73% of the total vs. 27% for international travel. Domestic contributions can run as high as 85% or 90%. In Shanghai and Beijing for instance, the domestic share of Travel & Tourism GDP exceeds 87%. Conversely, cities such Macau and Dublin rely primarily on international demand, with the international share of tourism accounting for 97% of tourism GDP. Looking ahead, the proportion of international travel is expected to rise with the rapid growth of emerging markets. Similarly, leisure travel significantly outweighs business travel in terms of expenditure, accounting for 78% of total global expenditure. Travel and Tourism’s contribution to city GDP is significantly higher in leisure driven cities, in turn leading to increased reliance on the sector. In effect, the eight highest ranked city destinations in terms of Travel & Tourism share of total GDP are all leisure destinations, with Cancún leading the way at nearly 50% of its GDP. Larger cities, and capital cities tend to ho