世界银行-AML_CFT虚拟资产和虚拟资产服务提供商国家风险评估：指导手册（英）

NATIONAL MONEY LAUNDERING / TERRORIST FINANCING RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLKIT GUIDANCE MANUALAML/CFT NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT ON VIRTUAL ASSETS AND VIRTUAL ASSET SERVICE PROVIDERSFunded by the European UnionPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photo: © Adam Śmigielski / Unsplash Contents>>>Disclaimer and Terms of Use5Acknowledgments6Abbreviations and Acronyms71. Introduction81.1. Context: Virtual Assets and Money Laundering (ML) and Terrorist Financing (TF) Risks 81.2. The Risk Assessment Tool 91.3. Purpose and Structure of This Guidance 101.4. Key Definitions 102. Risk Assessment Process 122.1. Working Group and Focal Point122.2. Training142.3. Substantive Scope of Risk Assessment142.4. Initial Data Collection162.5. Selecting the Appropriate Module Tier172.6. Entering Inputs182.7. Analyzing Output192.8. Next Steps193. Guidance on Completing Tool Inputs203.1. Step 1: Scoping and Mapping 213.2. Step 2: ML and TF Threat Assessment303.3. Step 3: National Vulnerabilities 37Contents>>>3.4. Step 4: National Mitigation Measures 433.5. Step 5: Specific VA and VA