2025年海运运输评估报告（英）

Staying the course in turbulent watersReview of maritime transport2025UNI T E D NAT I O NS CO NFE R E N C E ON T R A D E A N D D E VE L OP M E N TGeneva, 2025ii© 2025, United Nations All rights reserved worldwideRequests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright Clearance Centre at copyright.com.All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to:United Nations Publications 405 East 42nd Street New York, New York 10017 United States of America Email: publications@un.org Website: https://shop.un.org The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations.This publication has been edited externally.United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNCTAD/RMT/2025ISBN: 978-92-1-154528-9eISBN: 978-92-1-159177-4ePub ISBN: 978-92-1-154529-6ISSN: 0566-7682 eISSN: 2225-3459 Sales No. E.25.II.D.36Review of maritime transport 2025Staying the course in turbulent watersiiiAcknowledgementsThe Review of Maritime Transport 2025 was prepared by UNCTAD, under the overall guidance of Angel González Sanz and Torbjörn Fredriksson, Officers-in-Charge, Division on Technology and Logistics, UNCTAD, by a team comprising Regina Asariotis (coordination), Mark Assaf, Celine Bacrot, Hassiba Benamara, Liliane Flour, Poul Hansen, Argyro Kepesidi, Tomasz Kulaga, Luisa Rodríguez, Hidenobu Tokuda, Frida Youssef and Arouna Zorome. The report also benefited from internal review and feedback from across UNCTAD. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Antonella Teodoro (MDS Transmodal); Juan Manuel Diaz Orejas (Port Authority of Valencia), the Port of Santander, Puertos del Estado, Spain; and Gina Pnayiotou (Women’s International Shipping and Trading Association).UNCTAD further gratefully acknowledges comments and suggestions from the following peer reviewers: Syed Hashim Abbas (Clarksons Research), Julian Abril Garcia (IMO), Giovanni Andrean (IEA), Mattijs Bosch (A.P. Moller-Maersk), Pierre Cariou (KEDGE Business School), Laurence Cret (IEA), Trevor Crowe (Clarksons Research), Philip Damas (Drewry Supply Chain Advisors), Neil Davidson (independent expert), Alberto Pérez Espinosa (Lloyd’s Register), Mahin Faghfouri (International Ocean Institute), Jan Hoffmann (World Bank), Philipp Ludwig (National University of Singapore), Carlos Moreno (independent expert), Federica Ninni (ILO), Pascal Olivier (IAPH), Niels Rasmussen (Baltic and International Maritime Council), Torbjörn Rydbergh (Marine Benchmark), Peter Sand (Xeneta), Rahul Sharan (Drewry Maritime Research), Dinesh Sharma (Drewry Maritime R