世界经济论坛-全球金融普惠实践：来自中国、印度和美国的案例研究（英）

Global Financial Inclusion Practices: Case Studies from China, India and the USAW H I T E P A P E RO C T O B E R 2 0 2 4In collaboration with the Research Center for Wealth Management, Tsinghua University PBC School of FinanceImages: Getty ImagesDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.© 2024 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.This material has been contributed to by personnel, including from the JPMorganChase Institute, of one or more affiliates of JPMorganChase. Contributions are the views and opinions of the individual contributors, not JPMorganChase. The information herein is not the product of any Research Department at JPMorgan Chase (“JPM Research”) and has not been reviewed, endorsed or otherwise approved by JPM Research. Any views or opinions expressed herein are solely those of the individual authors and may differ from the views and opinions expressed by other departments or divisions of JPMorganChase. Neither JPMorganChase nor any of its directors, officers, employees or agents shall incur any responsibility or liability whatsoever to any person or entity with respect to the contents of any matters referred herein, or discussed as a result of, this material. J.P. Morgan is the marketing name for JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries and affiliates worldwide.ContentsForeword 3Executive summary 4Introduction 51 Government’s role in advancing financial inclusion 62 Private-sector efforts to enhance financial access and literacy 103 Challenges and calls to action 173.1 Digital divide 173.2 Privacy and security concerns 183.3 Transparency and clarity 19Conclusion 20Contributors 21Endnotes 22Global Financial Inclusion Practices: Case Studies from China, India and the USA2ForewordIn an increasingly fragmented global landscape, financial inclusion is emerging as a vital tool for promoting resilience among individuals and businesses. Financial inclusion serves as a critical enabler, integrating marginalized and underserved populations into the financial system and empowering individuals to build financial security, mitigate risks and withstand economic shocks. For businesses, particularly small and micro enterprises (SMEs), financial inclusion facilitates access to capital, supports growth and enhances the ability to navigate uncertain environments.This paper explores recent examples of financial inclusion, highlighting the roles of government policy, public–private partne