IRENA-关键材料：电动汽车电池（英）

CRITICAL MATERIALSBATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES© IRENA 2024 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of such material.ISBN 978-92-9260-626-8Citation: IRENA (2024), Critical materials: Batteries for electric vehicles, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.Acknowledgements This report was authored by Isaac Elizondo Garcia, Carlos Ruiz and Luis Janeiro (IRENA) and Martina Lyons (ex-IRENA), under the direction of Francisco Boshell and Roland Roesch (Director, IRENA Innovation and Technology Centre).Valuable input was provided by IRENA colleagues Deepti Siddhanti, Dora Lopez, Jinlei Feng and Zhaoyu Lewis Wu and Yong Chen.This report benefitted from the input and comments of experts, Bryan Bille (Benchmark Minerals Intelligence), Claudia Brunori (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Dana Cartwright (International Council on Mining and Metals), Daniel Weaver (Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, UK), Djibo Seydou (Ministry of Mines, Niger), Dolf Gielen (World Bank), Katherine Shapiro (Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Canada), Marcos Ierides (Bax & Company), Maros Halama (InoBat), Shorai Kavu (Ministry of Energy and Power Development, Zimbabwe), Silvia Bobba (Joint Research Centre, European Commission) and Yiheyis Eshetu (Ministry of Water and Energy, Ethiopia). The report was copy-edited by Fayre Makeig and technical review provided by Paul Komor. Editorial support was provided by Francis Field and Stephanie Clarke. Graphic design was provided by Nacho Sanz.For further information or to provide feedback: publications@irena.orgThis report is available at: www.irena.org/publicationsDisclaimerThis publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the reliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents, data or other third-party content providers provides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of the publication or material herein. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of specific companies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legal status of a