国际能源署-2024年全球天然气安全评估（英）-93份

Global Gas Security Review 2024Including the Gas Market Report Q4-2024The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries, 13 association countries and beyond. This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Source: IEA. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea LithuaniaLuxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of TürkiyeUnited Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA association countries: ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine Global Gas Security Review 2024 PAGE | 3 Abstract AbstractFollowing the gas supply shock of 2022/23, natural gas markets have returned to more pronounced growth, with global gas demand expected to reach new all-time highs in both 2024 and 2025. At the same time, the global gas balance remains fragile amid limited LNG supply growth and geopolitical tensions. The Global Gas Security Review has provided a thorough assessment of the evolution of gas supply security and LNG contracting trends each year since its first publication by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in 2016. This year’s edition also includes the latest insights of the IEA’s quarterly Gas Market Report, which provides a review of market developments over the first three quarters of 2024 and a short-term outlook for the remainder of the year and through 2025. It highlights the need for responsible producers and consumers to work together to reinforce the architecture of global gas supply security. Beyond the growing complexity of gas supply security both in the short and long term, the decarbonisation of the global energy system will require the deployment and scaling up of low-emissions gases. As part of the IEA’s Low-Emissions Gases Work Programme, this year’s Review includes a special section on this topic, with a focus on the system integration of low-emissions gases in the transport sector. IEA. CC BY 4.0.Global Gas Security Review 2024 PAGE | 4 Table of contents Table of contentsExecutive summary ..................................................................................................................... 5 Review of key gas supply security events in 2024 ...............