世界银行-电子签名：实现可信的数字化转型（英）

DPIELECTRONIC SIGNATURESENABLING TRUSTED DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONDIGITAL TRANSFORMATION POLICY NOTE SERIESSEPTEMBER 2024Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized2 © 2024 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: +1-202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved.This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Cover photo: © Shutterstock, Inc. Used with the permission of Shutterstock, Inc. Further permission required for reuse. Cover Design: [add name here] Attribution – Please cite the work as follows: “Tullis, Christopher; Constantine, Nay; Cooper, Adam. 2024. Electronic Signatures: Enabling Trusted Digital Transformation. © Washington, DC: World Bank.”Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: +1-202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.3ELECTRONIC SIGNATURESENABLING TRUSTED DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONDisclaimer 6About ID4D 7About KWPF 7Acknowledgements 7Executive summary 81. Introduction 102. Electronic signature basics 132.1 Enabling trust in the digital economy 132.2 Digital versus electronic signatures 132.3 Authenticating electronic transactions 152.4 Electronic signature use cases 162.5 Common myths 183. Trusted (electronic) transactions 213.1 What is a signature anyway? 213.2 Sources of trust 234. Trust framework 244.1 The role of a trust framework 244.2 Tiered trust: Levels of assurance 255. Legal framework 275.1 The role of the legal framework 275.2 Mutual recognition