世界经济论坛-管理国家管辖范围以外的海洋生物多样性：私营部门的作用和机遇（英）

Governing Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction: Roles and Opportunities for the Private SectorW H I T E P A P E RS E P T E M B E R 2 0 2 4Images: Getty Images© 2024 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.ContentsForeword 3Executive summary 41 Introduction 61.1 The Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction 61.2 Existing governance of areas beyond national jurisdiction 71.3 Uncertainty around impact of Agreement on private sector 82 Findings 92.1 Current views from industry actors 102.2 Provisions of primary concern to industry 102.3 Industry needs 112.4 Implementation needs 122.5 Challenges 132.6 Opportunities 153 Recommendations 173.1 Engage industry early and keep them engaged 183.2 Cooperatively build a foundation for implementation 183.3 Creatively incentivize implementation and compliance 193.4 Strive for universal ratification 19Conclusion 20Contributors 21Acknowledgements 21Endnotes 22Governing Marine Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction2ForewordGoverning Marine Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction: Roles and Opportunities for the Private SectorSeptember 2024After almost 20 years of work, the adoption of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) marked a historical achievement for the protection and conservation of the ocean outside national boundaries.Areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) are one of the great remaining commons of the planet and critical to sustaining life on Earth. Representing two-thirds of the world’s ocean and over 90%1 of the habitable space on Earth,2 they are home to millions of unidentified species.3 As they absorb heat and store excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, they are essential to regulate climate and slow the impacts of climate change, as well as to connect ecosystems that are vital to ocean health.Additionally, these areas are crossed by 90% of global trade. They host critical infrastructure that carries over 95% of transoceanic data communications.4 They also contribute to global food security with analyses reporting that they account for between 4.2% and 12% of global fisheries.5Given that several industries depend either directly or indirectly on ABNJ and its reso