IMF-斯威士兰王国：若干问题（英）

© 2024 International Monetary Fund IMF Country Report No. 24/305 KINGDOM OF ESWATINI SELECTED ISSUES This paper on Kingdom of Eswatini was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on September 10, 2024. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund • Publication Services PO Box 92780 • Washington, D.C. 20090 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 • Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: publications@imf.org Web: http://www.imf.org International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. September 2024 KINGDOM OF ESWATINI SELECTED ISSUES Approved ByJaroslaw Wieczorek (AFR) Prepared by Ankita Goel, Sanghamitra Warrier Mukherjee, and Thomas Dowling (all AFR). Erick Trejo and Mary Campestrin provided administrative assistance. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN ESWATINI ________________________________________ 3 FIGURES 1. Natural Disasters Frequency and Severity ___________________________________________ 32. Climate Vulnerability ________________________________________________________________ 43. Agricultural Stress Index by Province ________________________________________________ 44. Energy Mix __________________________________________________________________________ 65. Climate Funding ____________________________________________________________________ 76. Climate Monitor Dashboard _________________________________________________________ 8TABLE 1. Weather Shocks and Agricultural Output ___________________________________________ 5 References _____________________________________________________________________________ 9 NOWCASTING GDP IN ESWATINI _________________________________________________ 10 FIGURES 1. Nowcasting SWZ GDP Using Domestic Indicators _________________________________ 122. Nowcasting SWZ GDP Including ZAF Indicators ___________________________________ 12LABOR MARKETS AND UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE IN ESWATINI ___________ 13 BOXES 1. Core Elements of the Flex Security Model _________________________________________ 142. Unemployment Insurance Across Africa ___________________________________________ 16CONTENTS September 10, 2024 KINGDOM OF ESWATINI 2 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND FIGURES 1. Labor Market Indicators ____________________________________________________________________ 132. Distribution of Wages in Public and Private Sectors ________________________________________ 143. Structural Reforms Frontier _________________________________________________________________ 154. Net Contributions by Age __________________________________________________________________ 185. Seed Funding Required by UI Design ______________________________________________________ 19TABLES 1. Designs for Unemployment Insurance _____________________________________________________ 172. Long-run Sustainability of Unemployment Insurance ______________________________________ 20