亚开行-黑龙江省资源枯竭型城市创新驱动的绿色经济多元化（英）

ADB BRIEFSNO. 314SEPTEMBER 2024Innovation-Driven Green Economic Diversification for Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang Province• Heilongjiang’s resource-exhausted cities face development challenges and urgently need economic diversification by placing innovation-enabling systems and institutions at the forefront.• These cities’ innovation capacity is significantly lagging in innovation institutional environment, human capital and research, market maturity, knowledge and technology output, and economic output. • Strategic road maps for these cities are formulated to generate new comparative advantages or deepen their current comparative advantages to drive these cities’ innovation-driven economic diversification. • A policy framework was developed to support the implementation of the strategic road map, based on the evidence generated from international and national best practices, policy simulation, and analysis of the gaps in existing policies.• In the long run, the development of small city clusters that share resources and infrastructure services should be considered to promote efficiency and maintain essential services as population decline in these cities is expected.ISBN 978-92-9270-890-0 (print)ISBN 978-92-9270-891-7 (PDF) ISSN 2071-7202 (print)ISSN 2218-2675 (PDF)Publication Stock No. BRF240357-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/BRF240357-2Jie Bai Urban Development Specialist East, Central and West Asia Team Water and Urban Development Sector Office Sectors Group Asian Development BankRavi GuptaChief Executive Officer Tambourine Innovation VenturesINTRODUCTION In Heilongjiang Province in the northeastern part of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) the industrial sector is resource dependent. It is dominated by mining, oil and gas extraction, and the production of timber, nonmetallic minerals, primary and fabricated metals, and other resource-based commodities. The industrial sector was one of the province’s economic pillars in the 20th century. Since the late 1990s, however, Heilongjiang has been losing its growth momentum due to resource depletion and the declining development of its resource-based industries. This has contributed significantly to economic recession and population outflows for the province, which had a population of 30.99 million in 2022. In the capital city of Harbin, emigration rose to 346,150 in 2020 from 81,250 in 2019, averaging 116,290 in 2009–2020.1 Heilongjiang’s resource-exhausted cities face development challenges, including economic underperformance, business failures, rising unemployment, decreasing tax revenue, and difficulty attracting new investments. They also suffer from severe environmental degradation due to the massive extraction of natural resources, high energy consumption, and highly polluting industrial emissions. The cities urgently need economic diversification.Note: ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China.1 CEIC Data. Population: Outflow: Heilongjiang: Harbin (ac