国际能源署-乌克兰的能源安全和即将到来的冬天-乌克兰及其合作伙伴的能源行动计划（英）

Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter An energy action plan for Ukraine and its partnersThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries, 13 association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Source: IEA. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.orgIEA member countries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingapore South Africa Thailand UkraineINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYUkraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter Abstract PAGE | 3 I EA. CC BY 4.0. Abstract This special report from the IEA, Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter, provides an energy action plan for Ukraine and its partners to help the country meet its energy needs through the challenging months ahead. Ukraine's energy system has been targeted since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of the country in February 2022. These attacks on key infrastructure have recently increased and intensified, posing a huge threat to reliable access to power, heating and communications services across Ukraine this winter. This special report lays out 10 key energy actions to reinforce the country’s energy security – essential to its security overall – at this critical juncture. It will take stock of the war’s impact on Ukraine’s energy sector, identify key risks for the coming winter and outline immediate actions that Ukraine and its partners could take in response. While the main focus is on Ukraine, the report also examines the energy situation in Moldova. Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter Acknowledgements PAGE | 4 I EA. CC BY 4.0. Acknowledgements, contributors and credits This report was prepared by a team drawn from different parts of the International Energy Agency (IEA). It was designed and directed by Tim Gould, Chief Energy Economist. The lead authors were Craig Hart, Dennis Hesseling, Akos Losz, Gergely Molnar, Talya Vatman and Jacques Warichet. Valuable comments and feedback were provided by IEA senior management and other colleagues within the IEA, in particular by Mary Warlick, Ali Al-Saffar, Theresa Gebhardt, Ronan Graham, Pablo Hevia Ko