世界经济论坛-描绘地球观测的未来：气候智能的技术创新（英）

Charting the Future of Earth Observation: Technology Innovation for Climate IntelligenceW H I T E P A P E RS E P T E M B E R 2 0 2 4In collaboration with the MIT Media LabCharting the Future of Earth Observation: Technology Innovation for Climate Intelligence2Images: Getty ImagesDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.© 2024 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForeword 3Executive summary 4Introduction 51 Bytes to insights 61.1 Enhanced resolution and diversification in sensing capabilities 61.2 Reduced EO data processing time to enable near-real-time climate response 81.3 Parallel evolution of small and large EO satellites 102 New era in climate forecasting for adaptation and resilience 123 Democratizing climate insights 15Conclusion 18Contributors 19Endnotes 20Charting the Future of Earth Observation: Technology Innovation for Climate Intelligence3ForewordWith escalating temperatures, increasingly severe weather events and unprecedented levels of greenhouse gas emissions, the world stands at a crossroads. Scientific consensus underscores that immediate measures are essential to mitigate the most catastrophic impacts of climate change. In this new paradigm, Earth observation (EO) technology and innovation are championing a new era for climate intelligence, offering unprecedented insights and solutions to address these urgent challenges. Recent EO innovations, combined with the growth of synergistic technologies (technologies that enhance each other’s effectiveness), are eliminating barriers to the effective use of EO at scale. Today’s transformational technologies, including advanced satellite sensors, algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI), are proving to be the “enablers” we need, broadening our understanding of our changing environment. At the same time, the launch of additional EO satellites from many nations – and an increasing number of private sector EO data providers – has widened access to images and observable measurements from satellites with the highest revisit times (satellites that visit certain geographic regions more frequently). In turn, this provides more detailed remotely sensed data relating to various elements of climate change. This white paper, written in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab, highlights the transformative potential of EO for climate intelligence and forecasting. By combining the