2023 年西南太平洋气候状况（英）

WMO-No. 1356WEATHER CLIMATE WATERState of the Climate in the South-West Pacific2023BWMO-No. 1356© World Meteorological Organization, 2024The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to:Chair, Publications BoardWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO)7 bis, avenue de la Paix P.O. Box 2300 Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Email: publications@wmo.intISBN 978-92-63-11356-9 Cover illustration: Atafu atoll, a group of 52 coral islets within Tokelau in the South Pacific Ocean. Credit: NASA Johnson Space Center. Key messages page: Beautiful morning view, Indonesia. Panorama. Landscape: paddy fields with beautiful colour and sky. Natural light. Generative AI. Source: iStockNOTEThe designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised.The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in WMO publications with named authors are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO or its Members.iContentsKey messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiiPreface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivGlobal climate context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Regional climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Major climate drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Cryosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Sea-surface temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Ocean heat content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .