保持电网的可靠性—来自可再生能源整合研究的经验教训

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Technical Report NREL/TP-5C00-89166 April 2024 Maintaining Grid Reliability – Lessons from Renewable Integration Studies Paul Denholm, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, and Lauren Streitmatter National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Technical Report NREL/TP-5C00-89166 April 2024 Maintaining Grid Reliability – Lessons from Renewable Integration Studies Paul Denholm, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, and Lauren Streitmatter National Renewable Energy Laboratory Suggested Citation Denholm, Paul, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, and Lauren Streitmatter. 2024. Maintaining Grid Reliability – Lessons from Renewable Integration Studies. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5C00-89166. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/89166.pdf. NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Policy. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov. Cover Photos by Dennis Schroeder: (clockwise, left to right) NREL 51934, NREL 45897, NREL 42160, NREL 45891, NREL 48097, NREL 46526. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. iii This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions. Editing and other communications support was provided by Amy Brice, Liz Breazeale, Madeline Geocaris. Helpful review and comments were provided by Paul Donohoo-Vallett, Bahram Barazesh, Patrick Brown, Jaquelin Cochran, Jeffery Dennis, Jason Frost, Trieu Mai, Glenda Oskar, Sohum Pawar, Gian Porro, Eric Rollison, Mark Ruth, Paul Spitsen, and Ryan Wiser. iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Table of Contents 1 Introduction