东盟能源数据-东盟煤矿甲烷排放被严重忽视（英）

Coal Mine MethaneEmissions LargelyOverlooked in ASEAN September 2024Published by:ASEAN Centre for EnergySoemantri Brodjonegoro II Building, 6th Fl.Directorate General of ElectricityJl. HR. Rasuna Said Block X-2, Kav. 07-08Jakarta, 12950, IndonesiaTel. (62-21) 527 9332 | Fax. (62-21) 527 93350E-mail: secretariat@aseanenergy.orgwww.aseanenergy.orgShania Esmeralda Manaloe, MuhammadAnis Zhafran Al Anwary, Suwanto, BeniSuryadiAuthors:Adeline Hyansalem WicaksonoDesigner:Coal Mine MethaneEmissions LargelyOverlooked in ASEAN Table of Contents01Introduction04Coal Status in ASEAN12Challenges in AbatingCoal Mine MethaneEmissions17Technological Solutionsand Innovation28Policy RecommendationsiiiAbbreviations AMSASEANATSBAUBURCH₄CMMCO₂COP26COP28CFPPCFPPsDCEIAGHGGWPH₂OIEAIPCCktkWhLNGmdMMcfMRVMtCO₂eMtCO₂-eqMtoeNZENOₓNm³/hrOGDCOGMPRCOsRTOsSCFMSCMSISSMRUNEPUNFCCCUSVAMVS.˚CASEAN Member StatesAssociation of Southeast Asian NationsASEAN Member States (AMS) Targets ScenarioBusiness-As-UsualBiennial Update ReportMethaneCoal Mine MethaneCarbon Dioxide26th Conference of the Parties28th Conference of the PartiesCoal-Fired Power PlantCoal-Fired Power PlantsDirect CurrentEnergy Information AdministrationGreenhouse GasesGlobal Warming PotentialWaterInternational Energy AgencyIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeKilotonKilowatt-hourLiquefied Natural GasMillidarcyMillion Cubic FeetMonitoring, Reporting, and VerificationMillion Tons of CO₂ EquivalentMillion Tons of CO₂ EquivalentMillion Tons of Oil EquivalentNet Zero EmissionsNitrogen OxidesNormal Cubic Meters per HourOil and Gas Development CompanyOil and Gas Methane PartnershipRegenerative Catalytic Oxidisers Regenerative Thermal Oxidisersstandard cubic feet per minuteSurface Coal MiningSurface to In-seamSteam Methane ReformingUnited Nations Environment ProgrammeUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUnited StatesVentilation Air MethaneVersusDegrees Celsiusiv28x WarmingEffect6,700 MtCO₂eby 2050Oil & Gas vs.CoalChallengesMethane has a warming effect of 28 times that of carbondioxide, over 100-year time scale. The potential of methaneemissions abatement to yield quick reductions whilst deliveringair quality benefits has pushed global leaders to catalyse effortsin abating methane emissions. ASEAN would still continue to rely on fossil fuels, including coal,up to 2050 as a means to achieve energy security. Energy-related GHG emissions is therefore projected to reach 6,700MtCO₂e by 2050, with methane accounting for 15.2% or up to1,100 MtCO₂e. Methane emissions abatement efforts and commitment in theenergy (fossil fuel) sector is more intense and advanced in theoil and gas sector, compared to coal, despite studies showingthat the latter emits as much methane emissions as oil and gas. The lag behind coal mine methane abatement efforts can beattributed to several challenges, including, the lack oftransparency and absence of a robust Monitoring, Reporting,and Verification (MRV) system for coal mine methaneemissions