世界银行-巴西的区域融合（英）

Policy Research Working Paper10904Regional Convergence in BrazilKaleb AbrehaRafael OrnelasGabriel ZaourakMacroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice September 2024 Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedProduced by the Research Support TeamAbstractThe Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.Policy Research Working Paper 10904This paper examines whether labor productivity converged across Brazil’s states (“departments”) between 2002 and 2018. The results show strong evidence of unconditional convergence in which states with lower levels of initial labor productivity experienced substantially faster labor produc-tivity growth. The convergence rate was faster over 2002–10 compared to 2010–18 period and particularly strong in agriculture, extractives, and manufacturing. These findings of the regional convergence are robust to controlling for state and industry fixed effects, states’ initial poverty rates, human capital, tax collection per capita, and infrastructure. Given the high disparity in labor productivity across Brazil’s states, such regional convergence has the potential to raise aggregate productivity and per capita income.This paper is a product of the Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. The authors may be contacted at gzaourak@worldbank.org. Regional Convergence in Brazil∗Kaleb AbrehaGabriel ZaourakRafael Ornelas JEL Classification: O11, O47, O54, R11, R12Keywords: Regional inequality, regional convergence, labor productivity, Brazil∗The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA. Corresponding email addresses:gza-ourak@worldbank.org (G. Zaourak), kaleb.abreha@gmail.com (K. Abreha), and ramaralornelas@worldbankgroup.org(R. Ornelas). The views expressed herein are solely our own and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its executivedirectors, the countries they represent, the Mosbacher Institute, the Bush School, or Texas A&M University. All errors andomissions are ours.1IntroductionEvidence shows a substantial and widening gap in per capita i