世界银行-巴西生产率与增长的文献综述（英）

Policy Research Working Paper10897A Literature Review on Productivity and Growth in BrazilFernando VelosoGabriel ZaourakMacroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice September 2024 Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedProduced by the Research Support TeamAbstractThe Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.Policy Research Working Paper 10897Productivity growth in Brazil has not kept pace with devel-oped and emerging economies, despite progress in achieving macroeconomic stability and implementing reforms in product and input markets. This paper reviews the literature on reforms and growth in Brazil to understand the factors that have hindered productivity growth. The paper discusses the impact of competitive distortions on productivity, the effect of structural change on productivity growth, and the evidence on misallocation and growth dynamics. Addition-ally, the paper analyzes the direct and indirect effects of several reforms, such as trade liberalization and formaliza-tion policies. Based on the main lessons from this review, the paper proposes a potential reform agenda to improve improve productivity in Brazil in the coming years and narrow the income gap with developed countries.This paper is a product of the Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. The authors may be contacted at gzaourak@worldbank.org. A Literature Review on Productivity and Growth inBrazilFernando Veloso*and Gabriel Zaourak„…World BankJEL Classification: D22, F17, O11, O30, O40, O47.Keywords: Growth, misallocation, Innovation, Empirical Studies of Economic Growth, Cross-Country Convergence, Trade, Informality.*Email: fernando.veloso@fgv.br„This paper was prepared as a background paper for the report Brazil 2040. The views expressed hereinare only my own and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its executive directors, or the countriesthey represent. All errors are omissions are our own.…Email: gzaourak@worldbank.org1IntroductionSince the mid-1990s, Brazil has made progress in achieving mac