WTO年世界贸易报告：贸易与包容性：如何使贸易惠及所有人（英）

WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024Trade and inclusivenessHow to make trade work for allWhat is the World Trade Report? The World Trade Report is an annual publication that aims to deepen understanding about trends in trade, trade policy issues and the multilateral trading system.What is the 2024 Report about?The 2024 World Trade Report explores the complex interlinkages between trade and inclusiveness across and within economies, and discusses how trade policies need to be complemented by appropriate domestic policies to make the benefits of trade more inclusive.Find out moreWebsite: www.wto.orgGeneral enquiries: enquiries@wto.orgTel: +41 (0)22 739 51 11- 1 -TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS: HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALLCONTENTSAcknowledgements and Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Foreword by the WTO Director-General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Chapter A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Chapter B. Trade and income convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301. Globalization has led to income convergence, but some economies have been left behind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322. How did the integration of low- and middle-income economies into global markets boost income convergence? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353. Why have some developing economies gained little from globalization? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404. Future opportunities for economic convergence lie in strategies to keep trade open and supported by complementary policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Chapter C. Trade and inclusiveness