联合国贸易发展委员会-为执行《支援最不发达国家多哈行动纲领》而开展的活动（英）

GE.24-15080 (E) Trade and Development Board Seventy-sixth executive session Geneva, 31 October–1 November 2024 Item 2 of the provisional agenda UNCTAD contribution to the implementation of the Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries Activities carried out in the implementation of the Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries Note by the UNCTAD secretariat Summary This report provides a description of activities carried out by UNCTAD between the second quarter of 2023 and the second quarter of 2024, in support of the implementation of the Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2022–2031, in a context of worsening climate impacts, slowing global economic activity, high costs of food and energy and tightening international financing conditions. The report provides a non-exhaustive list of examples of how UNCTAD is delivering results in the least developed countries. The report is structured along the three pillars of the work of UNCTAD, namely, research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensus-building and technical cooperation. Lessons learned and policy recommendations for the way forward are then presented. United Nations TD/B/EX(76)/2 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Distr.: General 22 August 2024 Original: English TD/B/EX(76)/2 2 I. Introduction 1. The Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries, adopted in 2022, represents a new generation of strengthened commitments between the least developed countries and their development partners. The programme has six focus areas for action, aimed at enabling the least developed countries to overcome the pandemic and return to a path towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, while addressing climate change and making strides towards graduation. 2. This report is prepared pursuant to paragraph 299 of the Doha Programme of Action, which invites the governing bodies of the United Nations funds and programmes and other multilateral organizations to participate fully in reviews of the Doha Programme of Action, and paragraph 308, which calls on UNCTAD to continue to address the challenges faced by the least developed countries.1 The special attention that UNCTAD allocates to the least developed countries was further reconfirmed by the Bridgetown Covenant, which calls on UNCTAD to “strengthen its special focus on the trade and development needs of the least developed countries across all areas of its mandate”.2 3. In the second year of the implementation of the Doha Programme of Action, the least developed countries continued to be adversely affected by compounding crises, including the lingering effects of the pandemic, the intensifying impact of climate change and growing geopolitical tensions, which resulted in disruptions to trade and supply chains, as well as elevated food and energy prices. The impact was magnified by the effects of higher interest rates, re