世界银行-中东和北非（MENA）向可持续和气候智能旅游业转型：对埃及、黎巴嫩和摩洛哥旅游业的建议（英）

TRANSITIONING TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AND CLIMATE-SMART TOURISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA)Recommendations for the Tourism Sectors in Egypt, Lebanon, and MoroccoJune 2024Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedTRANSITIONING TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AND CLIMATE-SMART TOURISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA)Recommendations for the Tourism Sectors in Egypt, Lebanon, and MoroccoJune 2024List of Figues and Tables viiExecutive Summary viiiAcknowledgements xiAbbreviations xiii1 | INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 11.1 Analytical Scope and Limitations 32 | METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................52.1 Climate Change Risk Index 72.2 Modelling Climate Change Impacts on Tourism-Related Jobs 72.3 Co-Visioning Policy Dialogue on Climate-Smart and Sustainable Tourism 83 | CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS FOR TOURISM ................................................93.1 Overview of Climate Change Impacts on the Tourism Sector 10Water Shortage 12Rising Heat and Droughts 12Sea Level Rise and Coastal Erosion 133.2 Compounding Factors Of Tourism Sector’s Vulnerability To Climate Change 16Concentrated and Seasonal Tourism Products 16High Potential for Job Losses During Shocks 16Limited and Unreliable Data 184 | TOURISM AS A LEVER TO DEVELOP LAGGING REGIONS ...................... 214.1 Tourism and Territorial Development 234.2 Job Creation Potential 244.3 Resource Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability 254.4 The Promise of Eco-Tourism 26TABLE OF CONTENTS© 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reservedThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, inter-pretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and PermissionsThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribut