Publika-体育的未来：什么是国家和国际政策？（英）

INTRODUCTION THE FUTURE OF SPORT 1 Report produced under the supervision of Claude Revel Rapporteur: Sarah Vallée With contributions from Nathalie Bordeau, Simon Chadwick and Jean-Baptiste Guégan April 2024 2 SKEMA Publika is an independent international think tank aiming to anticipate the societal and geopolitical transformations of tomorrow. It fuels public debate and issues propositions for national and international policymakers. Affiliated with SKEMA Business School, the think tank tackles public policy issues. It looks at them from the angle of early signs and formulates recommendations for the way forward. It takes a multidisciplinary and hybrid approach to information processing, relying on a combination of human and digital intelligence. Find our work at: https://publika.skema.edu/ 3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 I. NATIONAL SPORT SYSTEMS WITH VERY DIFFERENT PRINCIPLES ................................................................................ 6 1. The American model: a liberal management of sport ................................................................................................. 6 2. The Chinese model: the state at the head of the sport system ................................................................................... 8 3. Is there a European model? ......................................................................................................................................... 9 4. The French model: the state plays a central role ....................................................................................................... 10 5. The French model in the limelight with the Paris 2024 OPG ..................................................................................... 12 6. A look at the African systems .................................................................................................................................... 14 II. A DRIVE TO STANDARDISE MODELS? ........................................................................................................................... 15 1. Toward less variety in the sports played? .................................................................................................................. 15 2. Toward an increasing commercialisation of sport: the example of China ................................................................. 15 3. Toward a new role in sports affairs for the U.S. federal government? ...................................................................... 16 4. What way forward for the European model? ............................................................................................................ 17 5. Clash of models, competitions, and economic, financial and political strategies .....................................