重新审视最不发达国家的发展创新：对选定的知识产权措施的实际审查（英）

Advance CopyRevisiting development innovations in least developed countriesA practical review of selected intellectual property rights measuresU N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N TGeneva 2023iiREVISITING DEVELOPMENT INNOVATIONS IN LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES © 2023, United NationsAll rights reserved worldwideRequests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright Clearance Center at copyright.com.All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail: publications@un.orgWebsite: https://shop.un.org/The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNCTAD/ALDC/2023/3ISBN: 978-92-1-002976-6eISBN: 978-92-1-358633-4Sales No. E.23.II.D.35iiiREVISITING DEVELOPMENT INNOVATIONS IN LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Table of contentsFigures and tables .............................................................................................................................ivAcknowledgements ............................................................................................................................vGlossary ............................................................................................................................................vi1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 12. International treaties, existing flexibilities and protection at the regional level ........ 43. Innovation in the formal economy ..................................................................... 10 3.1 Patents ................................................................................................................................. 113.2 Second tiers - Utility Models ................................................................................................. 173.3 Industrial Designs ................................................................................................................. 193.4 Trademarks .......................................................................................................................... 213.5 Copyrights ...................