太平洋海运的蓝色转型：全面的区域运输（英）

1A Blue Transformation for Pacific Maritime TransportA Blue Transformation for Pacific Maritime TransportOVERARCHING REGIONAL REPORTPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized© 2023 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.woarldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2023. A Blue Transformation for Pacific Maritime Transport. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. 3A Blue Transformation for Pacific Maritime TransportCONTENTSFIGURESTABLESFOREWORD/ ACKNOWLEDGMENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYWhy the Pacific is a Special CaseChapter SummariesABBREVIATIONSPACIFIC PEOPLES AND THE SEAOverviewFrom Canoes to Containers: A (very) Brief Maritime HistoryThe Influence of Geography on Pacific EconomiesTrends and Drivers for Maritime Transport in the PIC12INTERNATIONAL SHIPPINGOverviewInternational Freight Patterns—Imports and ExportsTrade between Pacific Island countries Shipping LinesShipping RoutesShipping Network ArrangementsShip Size and ConfigurationService Levels and PricingKey Areas for AttentionGATEWAY PORTS 43OverviewThe Role Of Gateway PortsGateway Port Size And OperationsGreen PortsPort Infrastructure DevelopmentAsset ManagementPort Governance And ManagementFinancial Sustainability Of Ports Key Areas For Attention355679112042302324242528433134343536373941314344454751525354ContentsDOMESTIC MARITIME TRANSPORTOverviewThe Role and Character of Domestic ShippingService Levels and Financial ViabilitySafetyDomestic VesselsFuel use and greenhouse gas emissionsDomestic Maritime Infras